Multiple Sclerosis is a chameleon of diseases—sometimes loud and dramatic, with relapses and visible lesions. But PIRA is different. No fever, no contrast enhancement. And yet: the patient walks slower, thinks less clearly, lives more restricted.
We long believed the dura mater — the brain’s outermost membrane — to be merely a protective coat. But the latest evidence? It’s more than that. It’s a distribution hub. Through tiny openings known as ACE points (Arachnoid Cuff Exits), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is channeled out like secret passages beneath a Victorian mansion.
They’re rarely mentioned, yet they make up over 30% of all brain cells.
Named for their star-shaped appearance, astrocytes were long considered the janitors of the neurons ...
A harmless title? Not at all. Beneath this seemingly simple question lurks – as so often – a complex web of data, risks, immune cells, and a lack of predictive markers. I opened my notebook. The case was on.
